Thiells Landlord-Tenant Lawyer, New York
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LEGAL TERMS
USE TAX
A tax imposed by a state to compensate for the sales tax lost when an item is purchased outside of the state, but is used within the state. For example, you buy... (more...)
A tax imposed by a state to compensate for the sales tax lost when an item is purchased outside of the state, but is used within the state. For example, you buy your car in a state that has no sales tax, but you live across the border in a state that does have a sales tax. When you bring your car home and register it in your state, the state taxing authority will bill you for the sales tax it would have collected had you bought the car within the state.
ENCROACHMENT
The building of a structure entirely or partly on a neighbor's property. Encroachment may occur due to faulty surveying or sheer obstreperousness on the part of... (more...)
The building of a structure entirely or partly on a neighbor's property. Encroachment may occur due to faulty surveying or sheer obstreperousness on the part of the builder. Solutions range from paying the rightful property owner for the use of the property to the court-ordered removal of the structure.
CONSTRUCTIVE EVICTION
When a landlord provides housing that is so substandard that a landlord has legally evicted the tenant. For example, if the landlord refuses to provide heat or ... (more...)
When a landlord provides housing that is so substandard that a landlord has legally evicted the tenant. For example, if the landlord refuses to provide heat or water or refuses to clean up an environmental health hazard, the tenant has the right to move out and stop paying rent, without incurring legal liability for breaking the lease.
BASIS
For income and capital gains tax purposes, the value that is used to determine profit or loss when property is sold. Often the basis is what you paid for the pr... (more...)
For income and capital gains tax purposes, the value that is used to determine profit or loss when property is sold. Often the basis is what you paid for the property, 'adjusted' to reflect improvements made or damage incurred while you own the property. See stepped-up basis, carryover basis.
FORFEITURE
The loss of property or a privilege due to breaking a law. For example, a landlord may forfeit his or her property to the federal or state government if the lan... (more...)
The loss of property or a privilege due to breaking a law. For example, a landlord may forfeit his or her property to the federal or state government if the landlord knows it is a drug-dealing site but fails to stop the illegal activity. Or, you may have to forfeit your driver's license if you commit too many moving violations or are convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
COVENANTS, CONDITIONS & RESTRICTIONS (CC&RS)
The restrictions governing the use of real estate, usually enforced by a homeowners' association and passed on to the new owners of property. For example, CC&Rs... (more...)
The restrictions governing the use of real estate, usually enforced by a homeowners' association and passed on to the new owners of property. For example, CC&Rs may tell you how big your house can be, how you must landscape your yard or whether you can have pets. If property is subject to CC&Rs, buyers must be notified before the sale takes place.
CONSIDERATION
The basis of a contract. Consideration is a benefit or right for which the parties to a contract must bargain; the contract is founded on an exchange of one for... (more...)
The basis of a contract. Consideration is a benefit or right for which the parties to a contract must bargain; the contract is founded on an exchange of one form of consideration for another. Consideration may be a promise to perform a certain act -- for example, a promise to fix a leaky roof -- or a promise not to do something, such as build a second story on a house that will block the neighbor's view. Whatever its particulars, consideration must be something of value to the people who are making the contract.
ILLUSORY PROMISE
A promise that pledges nothing, because it is vague or because the promisor can choose whether or not to honor it. Such promises are not legally binding. For ex... (more...)
A promise that pledges nothing, because it is vague or because the promisor can choose whether or not to honor it. Such promises are not legally binding. For example, if you get a new job and promise to work for three years, unless you resign sooner, you haven't made a valid contract and can resign or be fired at any time.
ESTATE
Generally, all the property you own when you die.
SAMPLE LEGAL CASES
Rios v. Carrillo
... In 2000 the plaintiff landlord leased a residential apartment to the defendant tenant for a term
of two years. ... Not long thereafter, some courts extended this 113 reasoning to the issue of landlord's
[sic] duty to mitigate, concluding that a landlord should indeed have such a duty ... ...
MATTER OF YITZHAK" JAMES" PASTREICH v. NEW YORK STATE DIVISION OF HOUSING AND COMMUNITY RENEWAL
... The August 1991 rent stabilized lease entered into by tenant and landlord recited a monthly rent
of $5,747.52, but included a rider, denominated "Rider to Preferential Lease Agreement," providing
for a "preferential rent" of $3,000 on condition that tenant accept the apartment in ...
MATTER OF 508 REALTY ASSOCIATES, LLC v. New York State Division of Housing and Community Renewal
... The Rent Stabilization Law (Administrative Code of City of NY § 26-501 et seq.) provides that
if the New York State Division of Housing and Community Renewal (hereinafter the DHCR) finds
that a landlord, after a reasonable opportunity to be heard, has collected an ...
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